1. Application of endoscopy in animal medicine
1.1 Diagnosis
Directly observing the normal and pathological conditions of the animal’s digestive tract cavity wall and the morphological changes of the digestive tract mucosa through a digestive tract electronic endoscope can be used to diagnose the following diseases:
Esophagus: esophagitis, esophageal bleeding, esophageal hernia, esophageal leiomyoma, esophageal cancer and cardia cancer, etc.
Stomach: gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric bleeding, gastric tumors, gastric cancer, etc.
Intestine: ulcerative colitis, colon polyps, colorectal cancer, etc.
Through the fiberoptic bronchoscope of the respiratory tract, the lesions in the left and right pulmonary lobes can be examined for the presence or absence of foreign bodies. At the same time, bacteriological and cytological analysis of bronchoalveolar washing can be performed.
The nasal cavity, ear canal, bladder and urethra can be inspected through the rigid endoscope.
Biopsy: If changes in the color and texture of the mucosa or lesions such as erosion, ulcers, and tumors are found, a sample can be taken directly for biopsy. Generally, the biopsy is done after all examinations and photography are completed.
1.2 Treatment
Removing foreign objects: Use various types of forceps to grasp foreign objects through the endoscope. Foreign objects that have entered the stomach can be removed, avoiding the trauma of surgery.
For patients with senile nutritional and metabolic diseases who are unable to eat, endoscopic guidance can be used to install a percutaneous gastric fistula. The operation is simple.
Available for life.
In cases of moderate to severe tracheal collapse, endoscopic guidance can be used to install a tracheal stent. Relieve breathing difficulties in animals causing suffocation and death.
Electrocoagulation and resection technology: High-frequency electrocoagulation and resection technology can be used for cutting and hemostasis in routine surgeries. It has the characteristics of less bleeding, less tissue damage, and faster postoperative healing.
2. How to operate an endoscope
2.1 Principles of endoscopic operation
Inflate properly, enter the microscope into the cavity, position accurately, use the angle button skillfully, observe the lesion carefully, combine distance and near, and observe comprehensively.
2.2 Essentials of endoscope operation
It is best to operate the endoscope with one hand (the left hand operates the operating handle, and the right hand enters, withdraws and rotates the mirror body).
Scope insertion method: tracheal intubation and respiratory anesthesia are performed. The animal remains in a left-lying position. When inserting the scope, hold the scope 25cm away with your right hand and gently and slowly insert it into the mouth and mouth. Insert the gastroscope into the esophageal entrance along the back root of the tongue. See After the esophagus, the endoscope can be inserted through the cavity. Because the esophagus is behind the trachea, you must not bend the front end of the gastroscope excessively and insert it into the trachea, nor do you use excessive force when inserting the endoscope to damage the tissue and cause hematoma and other lesions.
After entering the esophagus, inflate the gas while entering the mirror. Some of the gas will enter the stomach first. Once it enters the stomach, the dilated gastric cavity can be observed, which can save time. Large lesions are roughly observed during the feeding tube, and small lesions are observed and treated when the microscope is withdrawn.
Understand the overall shape of the gastric cavity and be aware of it. For example, directly below the cardia, you can see the folds on the greater curvature of the gastric body. Follow these folds “upward and to the right” to find the cavity until the pylorus.
When there is no cavity, it is combined with the retracting mirror and the angle button. When a large amount of gastric juice is retained, liquid is attracted, and the air is properly inflated to make the four walls of the field of vision clear.
Inflation indicator: A small amount of inflation in the esophagus is sufficient to allow the four walls to be clearly seen. The gastric body is moderately dilated and the four walls of the stomach can be clearly seen. When observing the fundus and descending fornix of the stomach, a small amount of gas must be added on the basis of observing the gastric body.
